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Authors / Shao-Nong Chen >


Publications / Prenylated Coumaric Acids from Artemisia scoparia Beneficially Modulate Adipogenesis >

Access: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.0c01149
authors David Ribnicky , Seon Beom Kim , Alexander Poulev , Yang Wang , Anik Boudreau , Ilya Raskin , Jonathan Bisson ORCID , G. Joseph Ray , Shao-Nong Chen ORCID , Allison Richard , Jacqueline M. Stephens , Guido F. Pauli ORCID
journal Journal of Natural Products
subjects Adipogenesis Artemisia Lipolysis
Two new diprenylated coumaric acid isomers (1a and 1b) and two known congeners, capillartemisin A (2) and B (3), were isolated from Artemisia scoparia as bioactive markers using bioactivity-guided HPLC fractionation. Their structures were determined by spectroscopic means, including 1D and 2D NMR methods and LC-MS, with their purity assessed by 1D 1H pure shift qNMR spectroscopic analysis. The bioactivity of compounds was evaluated by enhanced accumulation of lipids, as measured using Oil Red O staining, and by increased expression of several adipocyte marker genes, including adiponectin in 3T3-L1 adipocytes relative to untreated negative controls.
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categories publications science

Publications / The Untargeted Capability of NMR Helps Recognizing Nefarious Adulteration in Natural Products >

Access: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.0c01196
authors Seon Beom Kim , Jonathan Bisson ORCID , J. Brent Friesen ORCID , Luca Bucchini , Stefan Gafner , David C. Lankin ORCID , Shao-Nong Chen ORCID , Guido F. Pauli ORCID , James B. McAlpine ORCID
journal Journal of Natural Products
subjects NMR Adulteration Natural products
Curcuma longa (turmeric) has an extensive history of ethnomedical use for common ailments, and “curcumin”-containing dietary supplements (CDS) are a highly visible portion of today’s self-medication market. Owing to raw material cost pressure, CDS products are affected by economically motivated, nefarious adulteration with synthetic curcumin (“syncumin”), possibly leading to unexpected toxicological issues due to “residual” impurities. Using a combination of targeted and untargeted (phyto)chemical analysis, this study investigated the botanical integrity of two commercial “turmeric” CDS with vitamin and other additives that were associated with reported clinical cases of hepatotoxicity.
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categories publications science

Publications / The Essential Medicinal Chemistry of Cannabidiol (CBD) OpenAccess >

Access: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c00724
authors Kathryn M. Nelson ORCID , Jonathan Bisson ORCID , Gurpreet Singh ORCID , James G. Graham ORCID , Shao-Nong Chen ORCID , J. Brent Friesen ORCID , Jayme L. Dahlin ORCID , Matthias Niemitz ORCID , Michael A. Walters ORCID , Guido F. Pauli ORCID
journal Journal of Medicinal Chemistry
subjects Pharmacognosy IMPS Artifacts Cannabis
This Perspective of the published essential medicinal chemistry of cannabidiol (CBD) provides evidence that the popularization of CBD-fortified or CBD-labeled health products and CBD-associated health claims lacks a rigorous scientific foundation. CBD’s reputation as a cure-all puts it in the same class as other “natural” panaceas, where valid ethnobotanicals are reduced to single, purportedly active ingredients. Such reductionist approaches oversimplify useful, chemically complex mixtures in an attempt to rationalize the commercial utility of natural compounds and exploit the “natural” label.
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categories publications science

Publications / The value of universally available raw NMR data for transparency, reproducibility, and integrity in natural product research OpenAccess >

Access: 10.1039/C7NP00064B
authors James B. McAlpine ORCID , Shao-Nong Chen ORCID , Andrei Kutateladze ORCID , John B. MacMillan , Giovanni Appendino ORCID , Andersson Barison , Mehdi A. Beniddir ORCID , Maique W. Biavatti ORCID , Stefan Bluml , Asmaa Boufridi ORCID , Mark S. Butler ORCID , Robert J. Capon , Young H. Choi , David Coppage , Phillip Crews ORCID , Michael T. Crimmins , Marie Csete ORCID , Pradeep Dewapriya , Joseph M. Egan ORCID , Mary J. Garson , Gregory Genta-Jouve ORCID , William H. Gerwick ORCID , Harald Gross , Mary Kay Harper , Precilia Hermanto , James M. Hook , Luke Hunter , Damien Jeannerat ORCID , Nai-Yun Ji ORCID , Tyler A. Johnson , David G. I. Kingston ORCID , Hiroyuki Koshino , Hsiau-Wei Lee , Guy Lewin , Jie Li ORCID , Roger G. Linington , Miaomiao Liu , Kerry L. McPhail ORCID , Tadeusz F. Molinski ORCID , Bradley S. Moore ORCID , Joo-Won Nam ORCID , Ram P. Neupane , Matthias Niemitz ORCID , Jean-Marc Nuzillard ORCID , Nicholas H. Oberlies ORCID , Fernanda M. M. Ocampos ORCID , Guohui Pan ORCID , Ronald J. Quinn , D. Sai Reddy , Jean-Hugues Renault ORCID , José Rivera-Chávez , Wolfgang Robien ORCID , Carla M. Saunders ORCID , Thomas J. Schmidt ORCID , Christoph Seger , Ben Shen ORCID , Christoph Steinbeck ORCID , Hermann Stuppner , Sonja Sturm , Orazio Taglialatela-Scafati , Dean J. Tantillo ORCID , Robert Verpoorte ORCID , Bin-Gui Wang ORCID , Craig M. Williams ORCID , Philip G. Williams , Julien Wist ORCID , Jian-Min Yue ORCID , Chen Zhang , Zhengren Xu ORCID , Charlotte Simmler ORCID , David C. Lankin ORCID , Jonathan Bisson ORCID , Guido F. Pauli ORCID
journal Natural Product Reports
subjects NMR Open Data Natural Products Integrity
With contributions from the global natural product (NP) research community, and continuing the Raw Data Initiative, this review collects a comprehensive demonstration of the immense scientific value of disseminating raw nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) data, independently of, and in parallel with, classical publishing outlets. A comprehensive compilation of historic to present-day cases as well as contemporary and future applications show that addressing the urgent need for a repository of publicly accessible raw NMR data has the potential to transform natural products (NPs) and associated fields of chemical and biomedical research.
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categories publications science

Publications / Dissemination of Original NMR Data Enhances Reproducibility and Integrity in Chemical Research >

Access: 10.1039/c6np00022c
authors Jonathan Bisson ORCID , Charlotte Simmler ORCID , Shao-Nong Chen ORCID , J. Brent Friesen ORCID , David C. Lankin ORCID , James McAlpine , Guido F. Pauli ORCID
journal Natural Product Reports
subjects Fundamental research NMR raw data
The notion of data transparency is gaining a strong awareness among the scientific community. The availability of raw data is actually regarded as a fundamental way to advance science by promoting both integrity and reproducibility of research outcomes. Particularly, in the field of natural product and chemical research, NMR spectroscopy is a fundamental tool for structural elucidation and quantification (qNMR). As such, the accessibility of original NMR data, i.e., Free Induction Decays (FIDs), fosters transparency in chemical research and optimizes both peer review and reproducibility of reports by offering the fundamental tools to perform efficient structural verification.
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categories publications science

Posters / Grape Seed Proanthocyanidins: A Novel Source Of Dental Biomaterials And Unique Phytochemistry >

Conference: ICSB-ASP, Oxford, Mississippi, 11–14. April 2016
subjects PAC dentistry biomaterials phytochemistry
Composite-based, tooth colored dental restorations, in spite of their aesthetic appeal, are limited by a short life span. Every subsequent restoration results in the loss of healthy dental tissue. Thus, a bio-mimetic approach has been developed to enhance the mechanical strength of dentin using plant-derived proanthocyanidins (PACs). From a panel of eight active plants, grape seed extract showed the highest dentin biomodification potential, a 15-fold enhancement of dentin stiffness measured in MPa.
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category posters

Publications / Toward Structural Correctness: Aquatolide and the Importance of 1D Proton NMR FID Archiving OpenAccess >

Access: 10.1021/acs.joc.5b02456
authors Guido F. Pauli ORCID , Matthias Niemitz ORCID , Jonathan Bisson ORCID , Michael W. Lodewyk , Cristian Soldi , Jared T. Shaw , Dean J. Tantillo ORCID , Jordy M. Saya , Klaas Vos , Roel A. Kleinnijenhuis , Henk Hiemstra , Shao-Nong Chen ORCID , James McAlpine , David C. Lankin ORCID , J. Brent Friesen ORCID
journal Journal of Organic Chemistry
subjects Pharmacognosy Phytochemistry NMR FID raw data Spin simulation
The revision of the structure of the sesquiterpene aquatolide from a bicyclo[2.2.0]hexane to a bicyclo[2.1.1]hexane structure using compelling NMR data, X-ray crystallography, and the recent confirmation via full synthesis exemplify that the achievement of “structural correctness” depends on the completeness of the experimental evidence. Archived FIDs and newly acquired aquatolide spectra demonstrate that archiving and rigorous interpretation of 1D 1H NMR data may enhance the reproducibility of (bio)chemical research and curb the growing trend of structural misassignments.
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categories publications science

Publications / Can Invalid Bioactives Undermine Natural Product-Based Drug Discovery? OpenAccess >

Access: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b01009
authors Jonathan Bisson ORCID , James McAlpine , J. Brent Friesen ORCID , Shao-Nong Chen ORCID , James Graham , Guido F. Pauli ORCID
journal Journal of Medicinal Chemistry
subjects Pharmacognosy Phytochemistry Perspectives Fundamental research IMP bioactivity data mining NAPRALERT
High-throughput biology has contributed a wealth of data on chemicals, including natural products (NPs). Recently, attention was drawn to certain, predominantly synthetic, compounds that are responsible for disproportionate percentages of hits but are false actives. Spurious bioassay interference led to their designation as pan-assay interference compounds (PAINS). NPs lack comparable scrutiny, which this study aims to rectify. Systematic mining of 80+ years of the phytochemistry and biology literature, using the NAPRALERT database, revealed that only 39 compounds represent the NPs most reported by occurrence, activity, and distinct activity.
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categories publications science

Publications / Bioadhesive properties of enriched proanthocyanidins primers >

Access: 10.1016/j.dental.2015.08.132
authors Ariene A. Leme , Cristina M.P. Vidal , A.B.S. Sousa , Rasika Phansalkar , Joo-Won Nam ORCID , Jonathan Bisson ORCID , Shao-Nong Chen ORCID , Guido F. Pauli ORCID , Ana Bedran-Russo
journal Dental Materials
subjects Pharmacognosy Phytochemistry Dentistry OPAC NMR
Plant derived proanthocyanidins are well-established compounds exhibiting high dentin biomodification potency. Among the effects, enhanced tissue biomechanics and biostability are of relevance to restorative dentistry. This study evaluated the adhesive properties of an enriched proanthocyanidin primer on the bond strength of experimental resin-based adhesives containing variable concentrations of HEMA.
categories publications science

Publications / Subtle Chemical Shifts Explain the NMR Fingerprints of Oligomeric Proanthocyanidins with High Dentin Biomodification Potency >

Access: 10.1021/acs.joc.5b01082
authors Joo-Won Nam ORCID , Rasika Phansalkar , David C. Lankin ORCID , Jonathan Bisson ORCID , James McAlpine , Ariene A. Leme , Cristina M.P. Vidal , Benjamin Ramirez , Matthias Niemitz ORCID , Ana Bedran-Russo , Shao-Nong Chen ORCID , Guido F. Pauli ORCID
journal Journal of Organic Chemistry
subjects Pharmacognosy Phytochemistry Dentistry OPAC NMR
The ability of certain oligomeric proanthocyanidins (OPACs) to enhance the biomechanical properties of dentin involves collagen cross-linking of the 1.3–4.5 nm wide space via protein–polyphenol interactions. A systematic interdisciplinary search for the bioactive principles of pine bark has yielded the trimeric PAC, ent-epicatechin-(4β→8)-epicatechin-(2β→O→7,4β→8)-catechin (3), representing the hitherto most potent single chemical entity capable of enhancing dentin stiffness. Building the case from two congeneric PAC dimers, a detailed structural analysis decoded the stereochemistry, spatial arrangement, and chemical properties of three dentin biomodifiers.
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categories publications science

Posters / Chemical nano shifts explain the NMR fingerprints of dentin-enhancing oligomeric proanthocyanidins >

Conference: American Society of Pharmacognosy Annual Meeting, Copper Mountain, Colorado, 25–29 July 2015
subjects Pharmacognosy Phytochemistry Dentistry OPAC NMR
1D NMR spectra contain a wealth of vital structural information that can enhance the description of bioactive molecules. The present study demonstrates how quantum-mechanics driven 1H iterative Full Spin Analysis (QM-HiFSA) is capable of distinguishing spectral detail that cannot be interpreted manually or visually, but provides important information of the 3D structure and bonding (re-)activity of the molecules. This approach is established by analyzing 1D NMR spectra of oligomeric proanthocyanidins (OPACs), which exhibit high dentin bioactivity, and were isolated from the inner bark of pine.
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category posters

Posters / Dissemination of original NMR data enhances the reproducibility of natural product research >

Conference: American Society of Pharmacognosy Annual Meeting, Copper Mountain, Colorado, 25–29 July 2015
subjects Pharmacognosy Phytochemistry NMR FID raw data Spin simulation
The acquisition of 1D 1H NMR (HNMR) spectra is one of earliest steps in characterizing natural products and other organic molecules. For publication, HNMR information usually is “converted” into a table format, and sometimes spectral plots are provided. However, this transformation is lossy and frequently insufficient for unambiguous dereplication. This ambiguity can even lead to structural revision, such as in the recent case of aquatolide (1), a sesquiterpene lactone from Asteriscus aquaticus.
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category posters

Posters / K-targeted isolation of C-glycosylflavones from Vitex agnus-castus by countercurrent methodology >

Conference: American Society of Pharmacognosy Annual Meeting, Copper Mountain, Colorado, 25–29 July 2015
subjects Pharmacognosy Phytochemistry Dentistry OPAC NMR
C-glycosylated flavones, including orientin, isoorientin, vitexin, and isovitexin, are minor but biologically significant constituents of fruit extracts of the chaste-tree (Vitex agnus-castus L.), a botanical supplement used to treat PMS and postmenopausal symptoms. The partition coefficient, or K-value, is the ratio of the concentration of a compound in each phase of a biphasic solvent mixture and is a physicochemical property of a particular compound in a particular solvent system. This value can be used to predict retention volume (V ret) in a countercurrent separation procedure.
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category posters

Publications / Mimicking the Hierarchical Functions of Dentin Collagen Cross-Links with Plant Derived Phenols and Phenolic Acids >

Access: 10.1021/la5034383
authors Cristina M.P. Vidal , Ariene A. Leme , Thaiane R. Aguiar , Rasika Phansalkar , Joo-Won Nam ORCID , Jonathan Bisson ORCID , James McAlpine , Shao-Nong Chen ORCID , Guido F. Pauli ORCID , Ana Bedran-Russo
journal Langmuir
subjects Pharmacognosy Phytochemistry Dentistry Polyphenols NMR
Proanthocyanidins (PACs) are secondary plant metabolites that mediate nonenzymatic collagen cross-linking and enhance the properties of collagen based tissue, such as dentin. The extent and nature of cross-linking is influenced by the composition and specific chemical structure of the bioactive compounds present in certain PAC-rich extracts. This study investigated the effect of the molecular weight and stereochemistry of polyphenol compounds on two important properties of dentin, biomechanics, and biostability. For that, purified phenols, a phenolic acid, and some of its derivatives were selected: PAC dimers (A1, A2, B1, and B2) and a trimer (C1), gallic acid (Ga), its esters methyl-gallate (MGa) and propyl-gallate (PGa), and a pentagalloyl ester of glucose (PGG).
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categories publications science

Publications / Phytochemical profile and dentin bioactivity of non-galloylated proanthocyanidins >

Access: 10.1016/j.dental.2014.08.327
authors Ariene A. Leme , Cristina M.P. Vidal , Thaiane R. Aguiar , A.B.S. Sousa , Rasika Phansalkar , Joo-Won Nam ORCID , Jonathan Bisson ORCID , Shao-Nong Chen ORCID , Guido F. Pauli ORCID , Ana Bedran-Russo
journal Dental Materials
subjects Pharmacognosy Phytochemistry Dentistry OPAC NMR
The polyphenol source and molecular structure complexity affects interactions of proanthocyanidins (PACs) with dentin matrix. Therefore, this study evaluated the dentin bioactivity of compounds from a non-galloylated PACs-rich extract.
categories publications science

Publications / Essential Parameters for Structural Analysis and Dereplication by 1H NMR Spectroscopy OpenAccess >

Access: 10.1021/np5002384
authors Guido F. Pauli ORCID , Shao-Nong Chen ORCID , David C. Lankin ORCID , Jonathan Bisson ORCID , Ryan J. Case , Lucas R. Chadwick , Tanja Gödecke , Taichi Inui , Aleksej Krunic , Birgit U. Jaki ORCID , James B. McAlpine ORCID , Shunyan Mo , José G. Napolitano , Jimmy Orjala , Juuso Lehtivarjo , Samuli-Petrus Korhonen , Matthias Niemitz ORCID
journal Journal of Natural Products
subjects Pharmacognosy Phytochemistry NMR Spin simulation
The present study demonstrates the importance of adequate precision when reporting the δ and J parameters of frequency domain 1H NMR (HNMR) data. Using a variety of structural classes (terpenoids, phenolics, alkaloids) from different taxa (plants, cyanobacteria), this study develops rationales that explain the importance of enhanced precision in NMR spectroscopic analysis and rationalizes the need for reporting Δδ and ΔJ values at the 0.1–1 ppb and 10 mHz level, respectively.
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categories publications science